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Posted by: Kim_Hamilton on 10/27/2009 10:36 AM
Updated by: Kim_Hamilton on 10/27/2009 10:36 AM
Expires: 01/01/2014 12:00 AM
:
The beautiful fall colors~by Ken Churches
Autumn leaves mark the end of the growing season so beautifully. But what is it that creates all that color? It’s all about photosynthesis, really. The word “photosynthesis” means “to transform with light.” That is just what happens inside leaf cells as chlorophyll uses the sun’s light to transform water and carbon dioxide into food for the growing plant....
Throughout the summer, green plants produce a continual supply of chlorophyll to keep the transformation going. But when days get shorter and nights get cooler, plants slow their production of chlorophyll. As the amount of chlorophyll declines, the green color of plant leaves starts to fade and other pigments begin to shine through. Carotenoids, for example, are found in most green plants, and are necessary for capturing sunlight. When chlorophyll fades, the carotenoids that are left create yellow and sometimes brilliant gold color.
A second pigment, anthocyanin, is produced in the leaves of only a few kinds of trees. It creates shades ranging from pink to red to purple. When the colorful pigments finally fade, leaves turn brown from the remaining tannin. Tannins are found in almost all trees, and are especially abundant in our foothill oaks. Weather plays a part in the show of autumn leaves. The most vivid color tends to unfold when autumn days are sunny and nights are cool but above freezing. The red-color anthocyanins are produced in strong light when sugars are trapped in the leaf as stems begin to shut off in preparation to drop. If the weather holds, enough sugars are produced to create brilliant red and orange color in the leaf. Rainy weather blocks warmth and sunshine, and so inhibits sugar production. Leaves fade without much color change. Likewise, early frost can kill leaves, turning them brown.
You can orchestrate your own colorful show by planting trees that promise autumn color. Many kinds of native trees and shrubs are already brightening the hills this time of year. A trip to the local nursery will reveal an even larger selection. Sunset Western Garden Book is a great resource and lists trees that provide beautiful fall colors.
This article adapted from Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, USDA. Please contact the Farm Advisor’s office at cecalaveras.ucdavis.edu or 754-6477 with your agricultural questions.
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